Page 27 - Acoustic Fluid Level Measurements

Index I-9

Petroleum Extension-The University of Texas at Austin
history of, 4-2 to 4-4 random noise, 10-4, 10-6, 10-6f
overview of, 4-5f random signals, 5-15 to 5-16
pump, varying speed of, 2-2 real gas law, 6-18 to 6-19
pump capacity, excessive, 8-3 to 8-4 recording instrumentation, protecting, 7-5
pump discharge pressure (PDP), 1-3 to 1-4 reflection
pump displacement capacity, 8-1, 8-4, 8-13, 8-19f at the discontinuity of fluid properties, 3-7 to 3-11, 3-7f
pump-down, 2-8, 2-10f from downhole anomaly, 9-15
pumped off well, 1-20, 8-10 gas lift valves and, 10-10
pump effective displacement, 8-2 at a geometric discontinuity, 3-11 to 3-13, 3-11f, 3-13f
pump fillage, 8-5 overview of, 3-7
pumping rate, 7-2 polarity of, 10-8
pumping wells. See also sucker rod lift. reflection coefficients, 3-8, 3-11, 3-12 to 3-13, 3-23
background noise and, 5-15 regulatory agencies, acceptance of acoustic survey results,
calculating producing bottomhole pressure in, 1-7 3-1, 6-23
choked pump, 8-5, 8-6f reservoir pressure, 1-13, 1-19, 1-24
classification of, 6-5 to 6-6, 6-5f reservoirs, depleted, 2-5, 6-5
comparing to downhole pressure sensor measurement, resonance, 4-14, 4-15f
8-23 to 8-26 resonant tube, 4-2
field data, pressure buildup tests, 7-20, 7-20f to 7-21f resonating cavity, causing a noisy record, 2-18f
fluid and pressure distribution in, 6-2 to 6-3, 6-2f rod couplings, 8-14, 8-14f
fluid level surveys in ESP wells, 8-21 to 8-22, 8-21f rod-pumped wells. See also pumping wells.
fluid level surveys in PC wells, 8-26, 8-28f accurate interpretation of fluid level data, 8-30
gradient inversion in, 8-6 to 8-13 background noise and, 5-15
inefficient pump displacement, 8-18 to 8-19 creating acoustic noise, 4-17, 4-17f
misleading acoustic level surveys in, 8-5 to 8-13 downhole marker analysis, 5-8 to 5-9
noise generated by, 4-17 gradient inversion and, 8-7
overall efficiency of, 1-2 PBHP in, 1-7
overview of, 8-1 to 8-2 production efficiency in, 8-2 to 8-3
PC pumps and, 8-26 round trip travel time (RTTT). See also acoustic pulse.
production efficiency in, 8-2 to 8-5 accuracy of, 5-15
recommended procedures and implications in, 8-29 to acoustic fluid level measurements analysis and, 2-1
8-30 acoustic velocity and, 3-23
tubing diagnostic acoustic surveys in, 8-13 to 8-18 correlation function of acoustic velocity versus, 2-35,
pump intake, 6-5, 8-4 2-35f, 10-12, 10-13f, 10-14, 10-27
pump intake pressure (PIP) function of in gas lift wells, 10-7 to 10-8
calculating, 1-4, 1-8, 6-3, 7-6 gas wells and, 9-4
compared to the dynamometer reading, 8-4 knowledge of the acoustic velocity of gas for calculating,
discrepancies in, 8-25, 8-25f 3-20
in ESP well, comparing to acoustic level survey, 8-23 to overview of, 5-1
8-26 pulse generation system and, 4-8
percent of error in, 6-22 in a simple wellbore, 2-5
recommended practices, 6-24 software calculation mismatch, 10-7 to 10-8, 10-8f
unstabilized flow and, 6-21, 6-21t software for, 1-10
in a Walker test, 6-10 to 6-11 in a typical pumping well, 6-3
pump liquid fillage, 8-3, 8-26
pump-off, 8-3 to 8-4, 8-3f safety considerations
pump off controller (POC), 6-4 acoustic fluid level measurements in gas wells, 9-3
pumps in acquisition and recording of acoustic records, 4-11 to
calculating usefulness of, 1-3 to 1-4, 1-3f 4-13, 4-15, 4-19
choked, 8-5, 8-6f hazardous locations classifications, 4-13f
efficiency of, 1-3, 1-3f history of, 4-2, 4-3
excessive capacity in, 8-3 to 8-4 in pumping wells, 8-29
inefficient displacement and, 8-18 to 8-19 remotely fired gas gun, 4-9
leaking, 8-13 safety valve
linear motion, 1-17 acoustic records and operation of, 2-25
variable speed drives in, 1-13, 1-17, 1-23 correctly operating SCSSSV, 2-26f
pump submergence, 3-1, 6-1, 6-3, 8-1, 8-2 incorrectly operating SCSSSV, 2-27f
PVT (pressure, volume, and temperature) tests. See pressure, subsurface downhole, 2-25, 2-26f
volume, and temperature (PVT) tests. “S” curve, 6-18, 6-19f, 6-20, 9-11, 9-14, 9-14f

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