Page 5 - Acoustic Fluid Level Measurements

vi ACOUSTIC FLUID LEVEL MEASUREMENTS IN OIL AND GAS WELLS HANDBOOK

Petroleum Extension-The University of Texas at Austin
Tubing Diagnostic Acoustic Surveys 8-13
Detection of Tubing Holes 8-13
Acquisition of Fluid Level Records in the Tubing 8-14
Determining Depth to Tubing Hole 8-15
Tubing Gas Flow and Wells That Kick 8-17
Recommended Troubleshooting Procedures 8-17
Operating Gassy Wells 8-18
Inefficient Pump Displacement 8-18
Documenting Fluid Movement 8-18
Paraffin Deposition 8-19
Fluid Level Surveys in ESP Wells 8-21
Acoustic Fluid Level Acquisition and Analysis 8-21
Presence of Gaseous Column 8-22
Comparing ESP Downhole Pressure Sensor Measurement and PIP from Acoustic Fluid Level 8-23
Pressure Distribution and Annular Fluid Level Gradient Discontinuity in Well with Multiple Producing
Zones 8-23
Fluid Level Surveys in PC Wells 8-26
Acoustic Record Quality 8-26
Recommended Procedures in Pumping Wells 8-29
Safety Considerations 8-29
Acquisition Workflow 8-29
Recommendations for Gas Gun Connection to the Wellhead 8-29
Quality Control 8-30
Summary 8-30
References 8-31
Bibliography 8-31
9. Fluid Level Measurement Applications for Gas Wells 9-1
Determining Liquid Loading of a Gas Well 9-1
Equipment Selection and Setup 9-3
Implosion Method 9-3
Explosion Method 9-3
Depth Determination to the Liquid Level 9-4
Analyzing Typical Gas Well Performance 9-5
Fluid Level Records for Gas Flow Above Critical Rate 9-5
Recommended Procedure 9-5
Example Gas Well Flowing Above Critical Rate 9-7
Description of the Acoustic Tests 9-7
Example Gas Well Flowing Below Critical Rate 9-9
Estimating BHP from Fluid Level Measurement in Tubing 9-11
Determining Static Bottomhole Pressure 9-15
Testing of Downhole Safety Valve Operation 9-18
Applications to Troubleshooting Gas Wells 9-20
Holes in Gas Well Tubing 9-25
Acoustic Survey in Packer-Less Gas Well 9-26
Summary 9-28
References 9-28
10. Fluid Level Measurement Applications for Gas Lift Wells 10-1
Benefits of Acoustic Measurements in Gas Lift Wells 10-2
Equipment Installation and Data Acquisition 10-2
Background Noise 10-2
Random Noise 10-4

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